Brushing your child’s teeth is one of the most important steps in establishing a strong foundation for lifelong dental health. But how you approach it depends on their age and developmental stage. This age-based guide, informed by recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), offers clear, practical advice to help you navigate every step of your child’s oral care journey.
1. Infants (0–12 months)
When to Start
The AAPD recommends starting oral care early—even before the first tooth erupts. Cleaning your baby’s gums helps maintain a healthy mouth and introduces them to oral hygiene.
How to Clean
- After each feeding, gently wipe your baby’s gums with a clean, damp cloth.
- Once the first tooth appears (around 6–12 months), switch to a small, soft-bristled infant toothbrush.
- Use a smear of fluoride toothpaste about the size of a grain of rice, and gently brush the tooth.
AAPD Recommendations
Introducing fluoride toothpaste when the first tooth erupts is crucial for cavity prevention, even in small amounts. Learn more about the benefits of fluoride for children’s teeth.
Tips for Success
- Gently cradle your baby’s head to ensure a stable position.
- Make brushing part of a fun routine, like during bath time, to build positive associations.
2. Toddlers (1–3 years)
When to Brush
At this stage, brush your toddler’s teeth twice daily to prevent early childhood cavities—a common concern for this age group.
How to Brush
- Continue using a rice-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste.
- Sit on the floor with your child facing away from you, gently tilt their head back, and brush in small circles on the front, back, and chewing surfaces of each tooth.
- Focus on the gumline, where plaque often builds up.
AAPD Recommendations
Toddlers lack the motor skills to brush effectively, so parental supervision and assistance are essential.
Tips for Success
- Turn brushing into a fun routine by playing a favorite song or letting them pick out a toothbrush with their favorite character.
- Brush together as a family to model good oral care habits. Discover more home care tips for a healthy smile.
3. Preschoolers (3–6 years)
When to Brush
Preschoolers should brush twice daily, ideally in the morning and before bed.
How to Brush
- Use a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste, the recommended amount for children starting at age 3.
- Stand behind or kneel in front of your child to maintain a comfortable angle while guiding them in gentle circular motions.
- Ensure they brush all sides of each tooth, including the front, back, and chewing surfaces.
AAPD Recommendations
Preschoolers may want to brush on their own, but they still need supervision and assistance to ensure thorough cleaning. Most children can brush independently by age 7 or 8.
Tips for Success
- Encourage them to spit out toothpaste but avoid rinsing, as leaving fluoride on teeth provides extra protection.
- Use a two-minute timer or a toothbrush with a built-in timer to ensure they brush long enough. Need help? Here’s a guide to choosing the right toothpaste for children.
4. School-Age Children (6+ years)
When to Brush
School-age children should brush their teeth twice daily and start learning to floss.
How to Brush
- Continue using a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste.
- Teach them to divide their mouth into sections (e.g., upper right, upper left, etc.) and brush all surfaces thoroughly.
- Monitor their brushing to ensure they reach all areas, especially molars and gumlines.
AAPD Recommendations
While children at this stage can often brush independently, parents should check their technique and provide assistance as needed.
Tips for Success
- Make brushing a family activity to reinforce the habit.
- If brushing feels tedious, consider investing in a device from our guide to the best electric toothbrush and oral hygiene devices.
Additional Tips for All Ages
1. Use Fluoride Toothpaste
Fluoride strengthens enamel and protects against cavities. Learn more about fluoride benefits and risks.
2. Establish a Routine
Set consistent brushing times, such as after breakfast and before bed, to make oral care a natural part of your child’s day.
3. Avoid Sugary Snacks and Drinks
Limit sugary foods and beverages to reduce the risk of cavities. Give water in sippy cups or bottles outside of meal times.
4. Schedule Regular Dental Visits
The AAPD recommends a child’s first dental visit by age 1 or within six months of their first tooth erupting. Early check-ups help prevent cavities and guide parents in maintaining good oral hygiene for their children.
The Bottom Line
Proper oral care from infancy to adolescence is key to setting your child up for a lifetime of healthy smiles. By adapting your brushing techniques as they grow, you can make dental hygiene a positive, effective habit. Follow this age-based guide to give your child the best possible start.
